--- title: Food is scarce in the dark, so a lot of it comes from outside: bats… — Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworm… · tree and pragmatics description: Food is scarce in the dark, so a lot of it comes from outside: bats fly out at sunset to eat insects and come back to drop their droppings, which feed beetles and worms on the cave floor. Who acts: Food, lot, bats, droppings. A sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/) / 2 # Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 2 Food is scarce in the dark, so a lot of it comes from outside: bats fly out at sunset to eat insects and come back to drop their droppings, which feed beetles and worms on the cave floor. **Who acts:** Food, lot, bats, droppings · **What happens:** be, come, fly out, eat, come back, drop · **To what, where:** dark, insects, droppings, beetles, cave floor This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Food, lot, bats, droppings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:2 # text = Food is scarce in the dark, so a lot of it comes from outside: bats fly out at sunset to eat insects and come back to drop their droppings, which feed beetles and worms on the cave floor. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 scarce scarce ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 7 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 lot lot NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod _ _ 13 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 14 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 outside outside ADV RB _ 13 obl _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 17 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 19 out out ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 at at ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 sunset sunset NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ _ 24 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 conj _ _ 27 back back ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 29 mark _ _ 29 drop drop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:xcomp 30 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 droppings dropping NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 34 feed feed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 35 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 conj _ _ 38 on on ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:nmod 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Food | | | the dark | | scarce *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **come** | present | a lot of Food | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from outside=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **fly out** | present | bats | | | | sunset | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive | bats *not said here* | insects | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient | | 5 | **come back** | infinitive | bats *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **drop** | to-infinitive | bats *not said here* | bats's droppings | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dropping=Theme | | 7 | **feed** | present | bats's droppings | | beetles and worms | the cave floor | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/1/) - next →: [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/)