--- title: Bats find their way by echolocation, making clicks and listening to… — Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworm… · tree and pragmatics description: Bats find their way by echolocation, making clicks and listening to the echoes, but bats are not blind: many see well, and fruit bats use eyes and noses more than echoes. Who acts: Bats, many, fruit bats. A sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/) / 5 # Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 5 Bats find their way by echolocation, making clicks and listening to the echoes, but bats are not blind: many see well, and fruit bats use eyes and noses more than echoes. **Who acts:** Bats, many, fruit bats · **What happens:** find, make, listen, not be, see, use · **To what, where:** way, clicks, eyes This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, many, fruit bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:5 # text = Bats find their way by echolocation, making clicks and listening to the echoes, but bats are not blind: many see well, and fruit bats use eyes and noses more than echoes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 making make VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 9 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 listening listen VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 conj _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 20 blind blind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 22 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 nsubj _ _ 23 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 parataxis _ _ 24 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 23 advmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 30 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 noses nose NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 33 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 29 advmod _ _ 34 than than ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:obl 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | present | Bats | bats's way | | | | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | | 2 | **make** | gerund | Bats *not said here* | clicks | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset click=Product | | 3 | **listen** | gerund | Bats *not said here* | | | | | to the echoes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | | 4 | **not** **is** | present | bats | | | | | blind *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **see** | present | many | | | | | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **use** | present | fruit bats | eyes and noses | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/4/) - next →: [Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/)