--- title: Lions are the only truly social cats; a pride is related females, th… — The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts… · tree and pragmatics description: Lions are the only truly social cats; a pride is related females, their cubs and a few males, and together they hunt big prey, guard cubs and defend their land. Who acts: Lions, pride, male. A sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The lion: why people call it «king of…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/) / 10 # The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 10 Lions are the only truly social cats; a pride is related females, their cubs and a few males, and together they hunt big prey, guard cubs and defend their land. **Who acts:** Lions, pride, male · **What happens:** be, hunt, guard, defend · **To what, where:** only social cats, related females, big prey, cubs, land This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, pride, male), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:10 # text = Lions are the only truly social cats; a pride is related females, their cubs and a few males, and together they hunt big prey, guard cubs and defend their land. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 4 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 5 truly truly ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 social social ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 parataxis _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 pride pride NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 12 related related ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 cubs cub NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:conj 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 together together ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 26 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 guard guard VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 30 cubs cub NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 defend defend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 33 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Lions | the only social cats and a few males | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | a pride | related females and females's cubs | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **hunt** | present | male | big prey | | | | together *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme | | 4 | **guard** | infinitive | male *not said here* | cubs | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Beneficiary | | 5 | **defend** | present | male *not said here* | male's land | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/9/) - next →: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/)