--- title: Lions rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day to save energy for hu… — The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts… · tree and pragmatics description: Lions rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day to save energy for hunting, and a lion can eat 30 kilograms or more at one meal and then not eat for days. Who acts: Lions, lion. A sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mov --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The lion: why people call it «king of…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/) / 14 # The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 14 Lions rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day to save energy for hunting, and a lion can eat 30 kilograms or more at one meal and then not eat for days. **Who acts:** Lions, lion · **What happens:** rest, sleep up, save, eat, not eat · **To what, where:** energy, 30 kilograms, one meal This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:14 # text = Lions rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day to save energy for hunting, and a lion can eat 30 kilograms or more at one meal and then not eat for days. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nsubj 2 rest rest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:conj 3 or or CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 sleep sleep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=0:root 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 about about ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:obl:unmarked 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 acl _ _ 14 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 hunting hunting NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nmod 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 lion lion NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 23 30 30 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 kilograms kilogram NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 conj _ _ 27 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 29 meal meal NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 33 advmod _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 33 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 34 for for ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rest** | present | Lions | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **sleep up** | present | Lions *not said here* | | | | hour | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **save** | to-infinitive | Lions *not said here* | energy | | | | for hunting | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent energy=Theme for hunting=Source | | 4 | **eat** | can | a lion | 30 kilograms | | one meal | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Patient | | 5 | **not** **eat** | infinitive | a lion *not said here* | | | | then; day | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/13/) - next →: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/)