--- title: Lions are the only cats with a tuft at the end of the tail, which ma… — The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts… · tree and pragmatics description: Lions are the only cats with a tuft at the end of the tail, which may help the pride follow each other in long grass; some have a small hard spur hidden in it, and nobody knows what it is for. Who acts: Lions, tail, pride, some. A sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the bea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The lion: why people call it «king of…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/) / 16 # The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 16 Lions are the only cats with a tuft at the end of the tail, which may help the pride follow each other in long grass; some have a small hard spur hidden in it, and nobody knows what it is for. **Who acts:** Lions, tail, pride, some, nobody · **What happens:** be, help, follow, have, hide, know · **To what, where:** only cats, pride, each, long grass, small hard spur, grass This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, tail, pride, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:16 # text = Lions are the only cats with a tuft at the end of the tail, which may help the pride follow each other in long grass; some have a small hard spur hidden in it, and nobody knows what it is for. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 tuft tuft NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 17 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 acl:relcl _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 pride pride NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 follow follow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 22 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 21 obj _ _ 23 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 fixed _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 28 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 29 nsubj _ _ 29 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 31 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 32 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 spur spur NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 34 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 acl _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 40 nsubj _ _ 40 knows know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 41 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 40 obj _ _ 42 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 44 for for ADP IN _ 41 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:acl:relcl 45 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Lions | the only cats | | | | with a tuft at the end of the tail | tree rules | | 2 | **help** | may | the tail | the pride | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent pride=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 3 | **follow** | infinitive | the pride *not said here* | each | | long grass | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent each=Theme in grass=Trajectory | | 4 | **have** | present | some | a small hard spur | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient | | 5 | **hide** | participle | | a small hard spur *not said here* | | grass | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in it=Location | | 6 | **know** | present | nobody | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/15/) - next →: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/)