--- title: A lion's roar can be heard about 8 kilometres away; lions roar to ma… — The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts… · tree and pragmatics description: A lion's roar can be heard about 8 kilometres away; lions roar to mark their territory and call their pride, mostly at night and dawn, when the air is cool and still and sound carries best. Who acts: lions, air, sound, lion. A sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The lion: why people call it «king of…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/) / 6 # The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 6 A lion's roar can be heard about 8 kilometres away; lions roar to mark their territory and call their pride, mostly at night and dawn, when the air is cool and still and sound carries best. **Who acts:** lions, air, sound, lion, kilometres · **What happens:** hear, roar, mark, call, be, carry · **To what, where:** roar, territory, pride · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, air, sound, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:6 # text = A lion's roar can be heard about 8 kilometres away; lions roar to mark their territory and call their pride, mostly at night and dawn, when the air is cool and still and sound carries best. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 lion lion NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 roar roar NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 5 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 9 8 8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 11 away away ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 roar roar VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 mark mark VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 advcl _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 territory territory NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 call call VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 21 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 pride pride NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 25 at at ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:obl 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 34 advmod _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 33 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 34 cool cool ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 parataxis _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=34:cc 36 still still ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=34:cc 38 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 39 carries carry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 40 best well ADV RBS Degree=Sup 39 advmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | can · passive | | a lion's roar | | | | away *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | | 2 | **roar** | present | lions | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 3 | **mark** | to-infinitive | lions *not said here* | kilometres's territory | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent territory=Destination | | 4 | **call** | infinitive | lions *not said here* | kilometres's pride | | | night | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pride=Recipient | | 5 | **is** | present | the air | | | | still | cool *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **carry** | present | sound | | | | | well *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **roar** | | a lion | | | | | | nom roar «event intransitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **pride** | | kilometres *= kilometre* | | | | | | nom pride «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/5/) - next →: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/)