--- title: Lionesses do most of the hunting as a team, some driving the prey an… — The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts… · tree and pragmatics description: Lionesses do most of the hunting as a team, some driving the prey and others waiting in ambush; they are lighter and faster than males, while males hunt big prey like buffalo and mostly guard the pride's land. Who acts: Lionesses, some, males. A sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The lion: why people call it «king of…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/) / 9 # The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 9 Lionesses do most of the hunting as a team, some driving the prey and others waiting in ambush; they are lighter and faster than males, while males hunt big prey like buffalo and mostly guard the pride's land. **Who acts:** Lionesses, some, males · **What happens:** do, drive, wait, be, hunt, guard · **To what, where:** most, prey, ambush, big prey, land This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lionesses, some, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:9 # text = Lionesses do most of the hunting as a team, some driving the prey and others waiting in ambush; they are lighter and faster than males, while males hunt big prey like buffalo and mostly guard the pride's land. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Lionesses lioness NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 hunting hunting NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 as as ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 team team NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 12 nsubj _ _ 12 driving drive VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advcl 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 17 waiting wait VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 parataxis _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 ambush ambush NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 lighter light ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:advcl 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 conj _ _ 26 than than ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:obl 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 while while SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 30 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 32 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 like like ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 buffalo buffalo NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 38 guard guard VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 pride pride NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod:poss _ _ 41 's 's PART POS _ 40 case _ _ 42 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **do** | present | Lionesses | most of the hunting | | | | as a team | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | | 2 | **drive** | gerund | some | the prey and others | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme prey=Trajectory | | 3 | **wait** | gerund | | | | ambush | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ambush=Location | | 4 | **is** | present | lionesses *= lioness* | | | | | than males; light *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **be** | | lionesses *= lioness* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **hunt** | present | males | big prey | | | | like buffalo | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme | | 7 | **guard** | present | males *not said here* | the pride's land | | | | mostly *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/8/) - next →: [The lion: why people call it «king of…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/)