--- title: The flightless cormorant is the only cormorant that cannot fly; with… — The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Dar… · tree and pragmatics description: The flightless cormorant is the only cormorant that cannot fly; with no land predators and food in the sea, its wings shrank over many generations. Who acts: flightless cormorant, only cormorant, wings. A sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/) / 10 # The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 10 The flightless cormorant is the only cormorant that cannot fly; with no land predators and food in the sea, its wings shrank over many generations. **Who acts:** flightless cormorant, only cormorant, wings · **What happens:** be, not fly, shrink · **To what, where:** only cormorant, many generations This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flightless cormorant, only cormorant, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:10 # text = The flightless cormorant is the only cormorant that cannot fly; with no land predators and food in the sea, its wings shrank over many generations. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 flightless flightless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 cormorant cormorant NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 cormorant cormorant NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 9 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 acl:relcl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 13 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 16 det _ _ 15 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 shrank shrink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 26 over over ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the flightless cormorant | the only cormorant | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **not** **fly** | can | the only cormorant | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **shrink** | past | cormorant's wings | | | | over many generations | with no land predators and food in the sea | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with predator=Instrument | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/9/) - next →: [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/)