--- title: In 1835 Charles Darwin visited on the ship Beagle and noticed that b… — The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Dar… · tree and pragmatics description: In 1835 Charles Darwin visited on the ship Beagle and noticed that birds and tortoises were a little different on each island, and those clues helped him explain how living things change over many generations. Who acts: Charles, birds, clues, living things. A sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: g --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/) / 3 # The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 3 In 1835 Charles Darwin visited on the ship Beagle and noticed that birds and tortoises were a little different on each island, and those clues helped him explain how living things change over many generations. **Who acts:** Charles, birds, clues, living things · **What happens:** visit, notice, be, help, explain, change · **To what, where:** ship, 1835, island, Charles, many generations · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, birds, clues, living things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:3 # text = In 1835 Charles Darwin visited on the ship Beagle and noticed that birds and tortoises were a little different on each island, and those clues helped him explain how living things change over many generations. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1835 1835 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 3 Charles Charles PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 Darwin Darwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 5 visited visit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:det 8 ship ship NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:compound 9 Beagle Beagle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 noticed notice VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 13 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 tortoises tortoise NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 19 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 ccomp _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 22 det _ _ 22 island island NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 clues clue NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 28 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 explain explain VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 30 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 33 advmod _ _ 31 living live ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 ccomp _ _ 34 over over ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **visit** | past | Charles | the ship | | 1835 | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **notice** | past | Charles *not said here* | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **is** | past | birds and tortoises | | | each island | | a little *obl*; different *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **help** | past | that clues | Charles | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **explain** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Charles *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **change** | present | living things | | | | over many generations | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/2/) - next →: [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/)