--- title: Galápagos giant tortoises are among the largest tortoises and can li… — The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Dar… · tree and pragmatics description: Galápagos giant tortoises are among the largest tortoises and can live over a hundred years; on dry islands their saddle-shaped shells let them stretch up to tall cactus. Who acts: Galápagos giant tortoises, shaped shells, tortoises. A sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea igua --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/) / 4 # The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 4 Galápagos giant tortoises are among the largest tortoises and can live over a hundred years; on dry islands their saddle-shaped shells let them stretch up to tall cactus. **Who acts:** Galápagos giant tortoises, shaped shells, tortoises · **What happens:** be, live, shape, let, stretch up · **To what, where:** tortoises, dry islands, tall cactus This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Galápagos giant tortoises, shaped shells, tortoises), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:4 # text = Galápagos giant tortoises are among the largest tortoises and can live over a hundred years; on dry islands their saddle-shaped shells let them stretch up to tall cactus. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Galápagos Galápagos PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 tortoises tortoise NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 5 among among ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 largest large ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 8 amod _ _ 8 tortoises tortoise NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 12 over over ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:det 14 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 17 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 19 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 21 saddle saddle NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 22 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 23 punct _ _ 23 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 24 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 stretch stretch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 xcomp _ _ 28 up up PART RP _ 27 compound:prt _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Galápagos giant tortoises | | | | | among the largest tortoises | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | can | Galápagos giant tortoises *not said here* | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **shape** | participle | | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 4 | **let** | infinitive | tortoises's shaped shells | tortoises *= tortoise* | | dry islands | | | tree rules | | 5 | **stretch up** | infinitive | tortoises *= tortoise* *not said here* | | | tall cactus | | | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to cactus=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/3/) - next →: [The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/)