--- title: On islands such as Sicily and Crete, elephants once shrank to the si… — Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red c… · tree and pragmatics description: On islands such as Sicily and Crete, elephants once shrank to the size of a pony; some scientists think their skulls, with one big hole for the trunk, gave rise to stories of one-eyed giants. Who acts: elephants, scientists, skulls. A sentence of the lesson «Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the d…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/) / 10 # Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red crabs, kakapos, giants and dwarfs, sentence 10 On islands such as Sicily and Crete, elephants once shrank to the size of a pony; some scientists think their skulls, with one big hole for the trunk, gave rise to stories of one-eyed giants. **Who acts:** elephants, scientists, skulls · **What happens:** shrink, think, give · **To what, where:** islands, rise, stories · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red crabs, kakapos, giants and dwarfs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephants, scientists, skulls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs.lesson:10 # text = On islands such as Sicily and Crete, elephants once shrank to the size of a pony; some scientists think their skulls, with one big hole for the trunk, gave rise to stories of one-eyed giants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 On on ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 3 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 4 fixed _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Sicily Sicily PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 Crete Crete PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 9 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 10 once once ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 shrank shrink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 pony pony NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 20 det _ _ 20 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 skulls skull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obj 24 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 27 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 29 for for ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:obl 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 33 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:conj 34 rise rise NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 35 to to ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 38 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 41 nummod _ _ 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ _ 40 eyed eyed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 giants giant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shrink** | past | elephants | | | islands as Sicily and Crete | | to the size of a pony *result*; once *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to size=Result | | 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | some scientists | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **give** | past | scientists's skulls | rise | stories of one eyed giants | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rise=Theme to story=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the d…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/8/) - next →: [Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the d…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/)