--- title: A cactus stores water in its stem and swells after rain; its spines… — Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fog-drinking… · tree and pragmatics description: A cactus stores water in its stem and swells after rain; its spines are changed leaves that shade it and stop animals eating it, and a big saguaro can hold over a thousand litres. Who acts: cactus, spines, changed leaves, animals. A sentence of the lesson «Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fog-dri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants/) / 13 # Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fog-drinking beetles, camels and silver ants, sentence 13 A cactus stores water in its stem and swells after rain; its spines are changed leaves that shade it and stop animals eating it, and a big saguaro can hold over a thousand litres. **Who acts:** cactus, spines, changed leaves, animals, big saguaro · **What happens:** store, swell, change, be, shade, stop · **To what, where:** water, stem, changed leaves, cactus, animals, thousand litres This is a sentence of the lesson «Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fog-drinking beetles, camels and silver ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cactus, spines, changed leaves, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants.lesson:13 # text = A cactus stores water in its stem and swells after rain; its spines are changed leaves that shade it and stop animals eating it, and a big saguaro can hold over a thousand litres. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 stores store VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 stem stem NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:nmod 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 swells swell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 10 after after ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:nmod 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 spines spine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 amod _ _ 17 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 18 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 shade shade VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 23 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 24 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 acl _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 saguaro saguaro NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 31 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 32 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 33 over over ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:det 35 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 36 nummod _ _ 36 litres litre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:obl 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **store** | present | a cactus | water | | cactus's stem | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in stem=Location | | 2 | **swell** | present | a cactus *not said here* | | | | after rain | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **change** | participle | | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | cactus's spines | changed leaves | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **shade** | present | changed leaves | cactus | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary | | 6 | **stop** | present | changed leaves *not said here* | animals | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality animal=Eventuality | | 7 | **eat** | gerund | animals *not said here* | cactus | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 8 | **hold** | can | a big saguaro | thousand litres | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme | | 9 | **stem** | | cactus | | | | | | nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fo…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants/12/) - next →: [Deserts of the world: fennec foxes, fo…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/182-deserts-of-the-world-fennec-foxes-fog-drinking-beetles-camels-and-silver-ants/)