---
title: Mountain goats and ibexes climb steep cliffs; their hooves have soft… — Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flyi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Mountain goats and ibexes climb steep cliffs; their hooves have soft pads and hard edges, and Alpine ibexes even climb dam walls to lick salt from the stones. Who acts: Mountain goats, hooves, Alpine ibexes. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors 
---

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# Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors and Everest spiders, sentence 10

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Mountain goats and ibexes climb steep cliffs; their hooves have soft pads and hard edges, and Alpine ibexes even climb dam walls to lick salt from the stones.

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**Who acts:** Mountain goats, hooves, Alpine ibexes · **What happens:** climb, have, lick · **To what, where:** steep cliffs, soft pads, dam walls, salt, stones

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors and Everest spiders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mountain goats, hooves, Alpine ibexes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders.lesson:10
# text = Mountain goats and ibexes climb steep cliffs; their hooves have soft pads and hard edges, and Alpine ibexes even climb dam walls to lick salt from the stones.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	ibexes	ibex	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	climb	climb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hooves	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj
12	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ibexes	ibex	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	even	even	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	climb	climb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=11:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
23	dam	dam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	lick	lick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:xcomp
27	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | present | Mountain goats and ibexes | steep cliffs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location cliff=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | ibexes's hooves | soft pads and hard edges |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient |
| 3 | **climb** | present | Alpine ibexes | dam walls |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location wall=Theme |
| 4 | **lick** | to-infinitive | Alpine ibexes *not said here* | salt |  | the stones |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent salt=Theme from stone=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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