--- title: Hippos yawn widely to show their huge teeth as a warning; they are v… — Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hipp… · tree and pragmatics description: Hippos yawn widely to show their huge teeth as a warning; they are very territorial and are often said to kill more people in Africa than lions do. Who acts: Hippos. A sentence of the lesson «Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocod…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/) / 5 # Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal, sentence 5 Hippos yawn widely to show their huge teeth as a warning; they are very territorial and are often said to kill more people in Africa than lions do. **Who acts:** Hippos · **What happens:** yawn, show, be, say, kill · **To what, where:** huge teeth, more people, Africa · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hippos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson:5 # text = Hippos yawn widely to show their huge teeth as a warning; they are very territorial and are often said to kill more people in Africa than lions do. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Hippos hippo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 yawn yawn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 widely widely ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:xcomp 6 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 14 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 15 very very ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 territorial territorial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 19 often often ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 kill kill VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 24 amod _ _ 24 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 27 than than SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **yawn** | present | Hippos | | | | | widely *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | Hippos *not said here* | Hippos's huge teeth | | | | as a warning | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | present | Hippos *= hippo* | | | | | territorial *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | Hippos *= hippo* *not said here* | | | | | often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: clause=Topic | | 5 | **kill** | to-infinitive | Hippos *= hippo* *not said here* | more people | | Africa | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocod…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/4/) - next →: [Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocod…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/)