---
title: The Ganges river dolphin is almost blind and finds food by echolocat… — Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hipp… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Ganges river dolphin is almost blind and finds food by echolocation (making clicks and listening for their echoes), because the muddy river water makes eyes nearly useless, and it swims on its side to search the bottom. Who acts: Ganges river dolphin, muddy river water, water. A sentence of the 
---

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# Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal, sentence 7

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The Ganges river dolphin is almost blind and finds food by echolocation (making clicks and listening for their echoes), because the muddy river water makes eyes nearly useless, and it swims on its side to search the bottom.

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**Who acts:** Ganges river dolphin, muddy river water, water · **What happens:** be, find, make, listen, swim, search · **To what, where:** food, clicks, eyes, side, bottom

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganges river dolphin, muddy river water, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson:7
# text = The Ganges river dolphin is almost blind and finds food by echolocation (making clicks and listening for their echoes), because the muddy river water makes eyes nearly useless, and it swims on its side to search the bottom.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Ganges	Ganges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
14	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
15	clicks	click	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	listening	listen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
29	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
30	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	useless	useless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	search	search	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	advcl	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Ganges river dolphin |  |  |  |  | almost, blind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | present | the Ganges river dolphin *not said here* | food |  |  |  | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | the Ganges river dolphin *not said here* | clicks |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset click=Product |
| 4 | **listen** | gerund | the Ganges river dolphin *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for dolphins's echoes | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | present | the muddy river water | eyes |  |  |  | useless *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset eye=Product |
| 6 | **swim** | present | water |  |  | water's side |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on side=Trajectory |
| 7 | **search** | to-infinitive | water *not said here* | the bottom |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bottom=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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