--- title: A falcon falling through the sky, a cheetah sprinting, a pronghorn r… — Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest · tree and pragmatics description: A falcon falling through the sky, a cheetah sprinting, a pronghorn running for many minutes and an ant snapping its jaws are all record-breakers, but each in a different race. Who acts: falcon, pronghorn, ant. A sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Record-breakers: the fastest and the s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/) / 1 # Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest, sentence 1 A falcon falling through the sky, a cheetah sprinting, a pronghorn running for many minutes and an ant snapping its jaws are all record-breakers, but each in a different race. **Who acts:** falcon, pronghorn, ant · **What happens:** fall, run, snap, be · **To what, where:** sky, jaws, record breakers This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (falcon, pronghorn, ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:1 # text = A falcon falling through the sky, a cheetah sprinting, a pronghorn running for many minutes and an ant snapping its jaws are all record-breakers, but each in a different race. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 falcon falcon NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 3 falling fall VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 acl _ _ 4 through through ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 cheetah cheetah NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 sprinting sprinting NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 pronghorn pronghorn NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 14 running run VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 minutes minute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 ant ant NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 21 snapping snap VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 acl _ _ 22 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 25 all all ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 26 record record NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ _ 28 breakers breaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct 30 but but CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 31 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 28 conj _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 race race NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 28 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | gerund | a falcon and a cheetah sprinting and a pronghorn and a ant *not said here* | | | the sky | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through sky=Location | | 2 | **run** | gerund | a pronghorn *not said here* | | | | minute | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **snap** | gerund | a ant *not said here* | ant's jaws | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jaw=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | a falcon and a cheetah sprinting and a pronghorn and a ant | record breakers | | | | all *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Record-breakers: the fastest and the s…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/0/) - next →: [Record-breakers: the fastest and the s…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/)