--- title: At the other end, a bat smaller than your thumb, a hummingbird hardl… — Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest · tree and pragmatics description: At the other end, a bat smaller than your thumb, a hummingbird hardly bigger than a bee and a frog that sits on a fingernail all live on the edge, because tiny bodies lose heat very fast. Who acts: frog, bat, tiny bodies. A sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Record-breakers: the biggest and the s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/) / 2 # Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest, sentence 2 At the other end, a bat smaller than your thumb, a hummingbird hardly bigger than a bee and a frog that sits on a fingernail all live on the edge, because tiny bodies lose heat very fast. **Who acts:** frog, bat, tiny bodies · **What happens:** sit, live, lose · **To what, where:** fingernail, other end, heat This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frog, bat, tiny bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson:2 # text = At the other end, a bat smaller than your thumb, a hummingbird hardly bigger than a bee and a frog that sits on a fingernail all live on the edge, because tiny bodies lose heat very fast. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1 1 At at ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 8 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 acl _ _ 9 than than ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 thumb thumb NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 hummingbird hummingbird NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 15 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 14 acl _ _ 17 than than ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 bee bee NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 23 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _ 24 sits sit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 fingernail fingernail NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 all all ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 34 because because SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 35 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 37 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 38 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 39 very very ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 37 advmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sit** | present | a frog | | | a fingernail | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on fingernail=Location | | 2 | **live** | present | a bat and a hummingbird and a frog | | | | at the other end | on the edge; all *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at end=Location | | 3 | **lose** | present | tiny bodies | heat | | | | fast *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Record-breakers: the biggest and the s…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/1/) - next →: [Record-breakers: the biggest and the s…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/)