--- title: The General Sherman tree in California is the biggest single tree by… — Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest · tree and pragmatics description: The General Sherman tree in California is the biggest single tree by volume; sequoias live for thousands of years, have thick fire-proof bark, and their cones open with fire. Who acts: Sherman tree, sequoias, cones. A sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest» of the biol --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Record-breakers: the biggest and the s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/) / 4 # Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest, sentence 4 The General Sherman tree in California is the biggest single tree by volume; sequoias live for thousands of years, have thick fire-proof bark, and their cones open with fire. **Who acts:** Sherman tree, sequoias, cones · **What happens:** be, live, have, open · **To what, where:** biggest single tree, thick proof bark This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the biggest and the smallest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sherman tree, sequoias, cones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson:4 # text = The General Sherman tree in California is the biggest single tree by volume; sequoias live for thousands of years, have thick fire-proof bark, and their cones open with fire. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 General General PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod:desc _ _ 3 Sherman Sherman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 California California PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 9 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 11 amod _ _ 10 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 volume volume NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 sequoias sequoia NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 17 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 23 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 24 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ _ 26 proof proof ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 30 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 cones cone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 open open VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the Sherman tree in California | the biggest single tree | | | | by volume | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | present | sequoias | | | | | for thousands of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **have** | present | sequoias *not said here* | thick proof bark | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient | | 4 | **open** | present | thousands's cones | | | | | with fire | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Record-breakers: the biggest and the s…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/3/) - next →: [Record-breakers: the biggest and the s…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/186-record-breakers-the-biggest-and-the-smallest/)