--- title: Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena who hatched around 1832, is… — Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived · tree and pragmatics description: Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena who hatched around 1832, is thought to be the oldest known living land animal. Who acts: giant tortoise. A sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Record-breakers: the loudest and the l…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/) / 11 # Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived, sentence 11 Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena who hatched around 1832, is thought to be the oldest known living land animal. **Who acts:** giant tortoise · **What happens:** hatch, think, know, live, be · **To what, where:** 1832, Jonathan, oldest known living land animal This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the loudest and the longest-lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant tortoise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived.lesson:11 # text = Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena who hatched around 1832, is thought to be the oldest known living land animal. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 tortoise tortoise NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 St St PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 Helena Helena PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 hatched hatch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 11 around around ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 1832 1832 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 thought think VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 16 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 17 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 23 cop _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 19 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 23 amod _ _ 20 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 amod _ _ 21 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 amod _ _ 22 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:ccomp 24 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hatch** | past | a giant tortoise on St Helena | | | 1832 | | | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive | | Jonathan | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **know** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **live** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive | | the oldest known living land animal | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Record-breakers: the loudest and the l…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/10/) - next →: [Record-breakers: the loudest and the l…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/187-record-breakers-the-loudest-and-the-longest-lived/)