--- title: Cuttlefish change colour and pattern in less than a second using ski… — Masters of camouflage · tree and pragmatics description: Cuttlefish change colour and pattern in less than a second using skin cells that stretch and shrink, and they can ripple moving stripes over their bodies, which may confuse prey. Who acts: skin cells, cells, bodies. A sentence of the lesson «Masters of camouflage» of the biology course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/189-masters-of-camouflage/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Masters of camouflage](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/189-masters-of-camouflage/) / 7 # Masters of camouflage, sentence 7 Cuttlefish change colour and pattern in less than a second using skin cells that stretch and shrink, and they can ripple moving stripes over their bodies, which may confuse prey. **Who acts:** skin cells, cells, bodies · **What happens:** use, stretch, shrink, ripple, move, confuse · **To what, where:** skin cells, stripes, bodies, prey This is a sentence of the lesson «Masters of camouflage» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skin cells, cells, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:189-masters-of-camouflage.lesson:7 # text = Cuttlefish change colour and pattern in less than a second using skin cells that stretch and shrink, and they can ripple moving stripes over their bodies, which may confuse prey. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 189-masters-of-camouflage.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Cuttlefish cuttlefish NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:compound 2 change change NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:compound 3 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=0:root 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 pattern pattern NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 amod _ _ 8 than than ADP IN _ 7 fixed _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _ 12 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 14 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 15 stretch stretch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 shrink shrink VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 ripple ripple VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 23 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 xcomp _ _ 24 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:obj 25 over over ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 30 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 confuse confuse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 acl:relcl _ _ 32 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | gerund | | skin cells | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient | | 2 | **stretch** | present | skin cells | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **shrink** | present | skin cells *not said here* | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **ripple** | can | cells *= cell* | stripes | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **move** | gerund | cells *= cell* *not said here* | | | cells's bodies | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme over body=Trajectory | | 6 | **confuse** | may | cells's bodies | prey | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:189-masters-of-camouflage.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Masters of camouflage, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/189-masters-of-camouflage/6/) - next →: [Masters of camouflage, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/189-masters-of-camouflage/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/189-masters-of-camouflage/)