--- title: There are only about 5,500 wild tigers, mostly in India; they lost m… — The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a soli… · tree and pragmatics description: There are only about 5,500 wild tigers, mostly in India; they lost most of their forests to farms and were hunted for skins and bones, but numbers in India and Nepal have grown again thanks to protection. Who acts: 5,500 wild tigers, servals, numbers. A sentence of the lesson «The tiger: the biggest --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The tiger: the biggest and strongest c…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/) / 15 # The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter, sentence 15 There are only about 5,500 wild tigers, mostly in India; they lost most of their forests to farms and were hunted for skins and bones, but numbers in India and Nepal have grown again thanks to protection. **Who acts:** 5,500 wild tigers, servals, numbers · **What happens:** be, lose, hunt, grow · **To what, where:** India, most, thanks This is a sentence of the lesson «The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (5,500 wild tigers, servals, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:019-the-tiger.lesson:15 # text = There are only about 5,500 wild tigers, mostly in India; they lost most of their forests to farms and were hunted for skins and bones, but numbers in India and Nepal have grown again thanks to protection. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 019-the-tiger.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 only only ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 4 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 5,500 5,500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 6 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 tigers tiger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 15 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 14 obj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 farms farm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 hunted hunt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 24 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 skins skin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 29 but but CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 30 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 Nepal Nepal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 conj _ _ 35 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 grown grow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=14:conj 37 again again ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=38:advmod 38 thanks thanks NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:discourse 39 to to ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 protection protection NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **does** | present | 5,500 wild tigers | | | India; there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in india=Location | | 2 | **lose** | past | servals *= serval* | most of servals's forests | | | | to farms | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | | 3 | **hunt** | past · passive | servals *= serval* *not said here* | | | | | for skins and bones | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: for skin=Theme | | 4 | **grow** | present · perfect | numbers in India and Nepal | thanks to protection | | | again | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:019-the-tiger.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The tiger: the biggest and strongest c…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/13/) - next →: [The tiger: the biggest and strongest c…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/)