--- title: Bone-eating worms, discovered on a whale skeleton in 2002, have no m… — Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes… · tree and pragmatics description: Bone-eating worms, discovered on a whale skeleton in 2002, have no mouth or stomach, use roots to eat bones, and help break down whale skeletons. Who acts: eating worms. A sentence of the lesson «Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Strange discoveries: living fossils, h…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/) / 13 # Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers, sentence 13 Bone-eating worms, discovered on a whale skeleton in 2002, have no mouth or stomach, use roots to eat bones, and help break down whale skeletons. **Who acts:** eating worms · **What happens:** eat, discover, have, use, help, break down · **To what, where:** eating worms, whale skeleton, mouth, roots, bones, whale skeletons This is a sentence of the lesson «Strange discoveries: living fossils, hidden apes and animals found in drawers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eating worms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers.lesson:13 # text = Bone-eating worms, discovered on a whale skeleton in 2002, have no mouth or stomach, use roots to eat bones, and help break down whale skeletons. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 1 punct _ _ 3 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 amod _ _ 4 worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 discovered discover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 7 on on ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 skeleton skeleton NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 2002 2002 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 13 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 14 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 16 det _ _ 16 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 stomach stomach NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 21 roots root NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ _ 24 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 28 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 29 down down ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 skeletons skeleton NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | gerund | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **discover** | participle | | eating worms *not said here* | | a whale skeleton | | in 2002 | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **have** | present | eating worms | no mouth or stomach | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient | | 4 | **use** | present | eating worms *not said here* | roots | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient | | 5 | **eat** | to-infinitive | eating worms *not said here* | bones | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient | | 6 | **help** | infinitive | eating worms *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 7 | **break down** | infinitive | eating worms *not said here* | whale skeletons | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Strange discoveries: living fossils, h…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/12/) - next →: [Strange discoveries: living fossils, h…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/190-strange-discoveries-living-fossils-hidden-apes-and-animals-found-in-drawers/)