--- title: Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: In the park a tiny chihuahua and a huge Great Dane sniff each other hello. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds # Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds Lesson 192 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 18 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/0/) — In the park a tiny chihuahua and a huge Great Dane sniff each other hello. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/1/) — One could almost stand under the other, yet they greet each other as dogs, because they are one species. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/2/) — All dogs come from wolves that started living near people more than fifteen thousand years ago; much later people chose which dogs had puppies, keeping the ones best at a job or with a look they liked. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/3/) — That is how we got sheepdogs that herd, terriers that dig after rats, retrievers that bring back birds from water, hounds that follow a scent and greyhounds built to sprint. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/5/) — Inside every breed the wolf still shows: a family dog may tilt its head or howl along when it hears a wolf on television. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/6/) — There are around four hundred dog breeds in the world, and mixed-breed dogs are often very healthy. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/7/) — A chihuahua and a Great Dane are the same species and could in theory have puppies together. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/8/) — Dogs still carry wolf behaviours such as howling, digging and guarding food, and some howl along with sirens because the long wail sounds a bit like a howl. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/9/) — Sheepdogs herd, terriers dig after rats, retrievers carry back shot birds gently in soft mouths, and hounds follow scents or chase by sight. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/10/) — Dachshund means badger dog in German; its long body and short legs let it follow badgers underground, but its long back is easily hurt by jumping off sofas. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/11/) — Pugs and bulldogs were bred for flatter and flatter faces, which squeeze their airways so they snore and can struggle to breathe; vets now advise choosing dogs with slightly longer noses. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/12/) — Greyhounds can reach about seventy kilometres an hour thanks to long legs, a deep chest with big lungs and a bendy spine, yet at home they sleep most of the day. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/13/) — Labradors were bred to fetch from water, with a thick waterproof coat and a thick otter-like tail used as a rudder. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/14/) — Newborn puppies cannot see or hear for about the first two weeks and rely on smell, touch and their mother's warmth; at about eight weeks they are ready for a new home. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/15/) — The rule of seven dog years for each human year is only a rough guess: dogs grow up very fast in the first year, then age more slowly, and small dogs usually live longer than big ones. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/16/) — A one-year-old dog is more like a teenager than a seven-year-old child. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/17/) — Dogs cool down mostly by panting, because they sweat only a little, through the pads of their paws, so a dog left in a hot car can overheat in minutes, even with a window open. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/18/) — When a dog and its owner look at each other, both get a rush of a bonding chemical in the brain. - ← previous: [Myths and cartoons put right: Tom and Jerry, elephants and mice, ostriches and more](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/191-myths-and-cartoons-put-right/) - next →: [How a dog thinks: a world of smells, sounds and faces](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/193-how-a-dog-thinks-smells-sounds-and-faces/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)