--- title: Pugs and bulldogs were bred for flatter and flatter faces, which squ… — Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds · tree and pragmatics description: Pugs and bulldogs were bred for flatter and flatter faces, which squeeze their airways so they snore and can struggle to breathe; vets now advise choosing dogs with slightly longer noses. Who acts: faces, Pugs, vets. A sentence of the lesson «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/) / 11 # Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, sentence 11 Pugs and bulldogs were bred for flatter and flatter faces, which squeeze their airways so they snore and can struggle to breathe; vets now advise choosing dogs with slightly longer noses. **Who acts:** faces, Pugs, vets · **What happens:** breed, squeeze, snore, struggle, breathe, advise · **To what, where:** Pugs, airways, dogs This is a sentence of the lesson «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faces, Pugs, vets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson:11 # text = Pugs and bulldogs were bred for flatter and flatter faces, which squeeze their airways so they snore and can struggle to breathe; vets now advise choosing dogs with slightly longer noses. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Pugs pug NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 bulldogs bulldog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 bred breed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 flatter flatter NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 flatter flat ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 10 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 squeeze squeeze VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 airways airway NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 so so ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 snore snore VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 struggle struggle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 breathe breathe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 xcomp _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 vets vet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 27 advmod _ _ 27 advise advise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 28 choosing choose VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 xcomp _ _ 29 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 30 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 slightly slightly ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 longer long ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 33 amod _ _ 33 noses nose NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breed** | past · passive | | Pugs and bulldogs | | | | for flatter and faces | tree rules | | 2 | **squeeze** | present | faces | Pugs's airways | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent airway=Theme | | 3 | **snore** | present | Pugs *= pug* | | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **struggle** | can | Pugs *= pug* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **breathe** | to-infinitive | Pugs *= pug* *not said here* | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **advise** *speech: other* | present | vets | | | | now | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **choose** *not said to happen* | gerund | vets *not said here* | dogs | | | | with longer noses | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/10/) - next →: [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/)