--- title: Dogs cool down mostly by panting, because they sweat only a little,… — Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds · tree and pragmatics description: Dogs cool down mostly by panting, because they sweat only a little, through the pads of their paws, so a dog left in a hot car can overheat in minutes, even with a window open. Who acts: Dogs, dog. A sentence of the lesson «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/) / 17 # Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, sentence 17 Dogs cool down mostly by panting, because they sweat only a little, through the pads of their paws, so a dog left in a hot car can overheat in minutes, even with a window open. **Who acts:** Dogs, dog · **What happens:** cool down, pant, sweat, leave, overheat · **To what, where:** little, pads, dog, hot car This is a sentence of the lesson «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dogs, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson:17 # text = Dogs cool down mostly by panting, because they sweat only a little, through the pads of their paws, so a dog left in a hot car can overheat in minutes, even with a window open. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 cool cool VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 down down ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 5 by by SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 panting pant VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 because because SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 sweat sweat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 only only ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:xcomp 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 through through ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 pads pad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 paws paw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 22 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 25 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 acl _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 30 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 overheat overheat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 parataxis _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 minutes minute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 even even ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 36 with with ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 window window NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 39 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cool down** | present | Dogs | | | | | mostly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **pant** | gerund | Dogs *not said here* | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **sweat** | present | dogs *= dog* | a little | | the pads of dogs's paws | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pad=Location | | 4 | **leave** | participle | | a dog *not said here* | | | | in a hot car *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in car=Result | | 5 | **overheat** | can | a dog | | | | minute | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/16/) - next →: [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/)