--- title: Howler monkeys roar at dawn to tell other groups where their territo… — The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and… · tree and pragmatics description: Howler monkeys roar at dawn to tell other groups where their territory is; a large hollow bone in the throat makes the boom, which can carry about 5 km, making them some of the loudest land animals. Who acts: Howler monkeys, territory, large hollow bone, boom. A sentence of the lesson «The rainfores --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from the top: emergent…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/) / 10 # The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 10 Howler monkeys roar at dawn to tell other groups where their territory is; a large hollow bone in the throat makes the boom, which can carry about 5 km, making them some of the loudest land animals. **Who acts:** Howler monkeys, territory, large hollow bone, boom · **What happens:** roar, tell, be, make, carry · **To what, where:** other groups, boom, 5 km, km · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Howler monkeys, territory, large hollow bone, boom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:10 # text = Howler monkeys roar at dawn to tell other groups where their territory is; a large hollow bone in the throat makes the boom, which can carry about 5 km, making them some of the loudest land animals. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Howler howler NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 monkeys monkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 roar roar VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 at at ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:acl 8 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 groups group NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 13 advmod _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 territory territory NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 throat throat NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 boom boom NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 27 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 acl:relcl _ _ 29 about about ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 5 5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 km km NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:obl:unmarked|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 making make VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 advcl _ _ 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 33 xcomp _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 38 loudest loud ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 40 amod _ _ 39 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **roar** | present | Howler monkeys | | | | dawn | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Howler monkeys *not said here* | other groups | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent group=Recipient | | 3 | **be** | present | monkeys's territory | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **make** | present | a large hollow bone in the throat | the boom | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset boom=Product | | 5 | **carry** | can | the boom | 5 km | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent km=Theme | | 6 | **make** | gerund | the boom *not said here* | km | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/9/) - next →: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/)