---
title: Bromeliads grow on branches and catch rainwater in a cup of leaves,… — The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Bromeliads grow on branches and catch rainwater in a cup of leaves, a tiny pond for insects, and some poison dart frogs carry their tadpoles up and drop each one into its own little pool. Who acts: Bromeliads, dart frogs. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and cano
---

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# The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 14

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Bromeliads grow on branches and catch rainwater in a cup of leaves, a tiny pond for insects, and some poison dart frogs carry their tadpoles up and drop each one into its own little pool.

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**Who acts:** Bromeliads, dart frogs · **What happens:** grow, catch, carry up, drop · **To what, where:** branches, tadpoles, one, own little pool

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bromeliads, dart frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:14
# text = Bromeliads grow on branches and catch rainwater in a cup of leaves, a tiny pond for insects, and some poison dart frogs carry their tadpoles up and drop each one into its own little pool.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Bromeliads	bromeliad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	catch	catch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
7	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
22	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
23	dart	dart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	up	up	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
31	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
32	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:obj|HaikuPos=NUM:CD:NumForm=Word|NumType=Card
33	into	into	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
34	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
35	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Bromeliads |  |  | branches and rainwater in a cup of leaves and a tiny pond for insects |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on branch=Location |
| 2 | **catch** | present | Bromeliads *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **carry up** | present | some dart frogs | frogs's tadpoles |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tadpole=Theme |
| 4 | **drop** | present | some dart frogs *not said here* | each one |  | pond's own little pool |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent one=Theme into pool=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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