--- title: Trees release so much water from their leaves that the Amazon makes… — The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and… · tree and pragmatics description: Trees release so much water from their leaves that the Amazon makes much of its own rain, so cutting down the forest can make the region drier. Who acts: Trees, Amazon, cutting. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from the top: emergent…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/) / 18 # The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 18 Trees release so much water from their leaves that the Amazon makes much of its own rain, so cutting down the forest can make the region drier. **Who acts:** Trees, Amazon, cutting · **What happens:** release, make, cut down, rain · **To what, where:** much water, leaves, much, forest, region This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trees, Amazon, cutting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:18 # text = Trees release so much water from their leaves that the Amazon makes much of its own rain, so cutting down the forest can make the region drier. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 release release VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 so so ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 5 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 9 that that SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Amazon Amazon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 13 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:PRP:PronType=Ind 14 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 16 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 20 cutting cut VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:nsubj 21 down down ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:nsubj 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:parataxis 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:det 27 region region NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 drier drier ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 25 xcomp _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **release** | present | Trees | much water | | trees's leaves | | | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer water=Source | | 2 | **make** | present | the Amazon | much of Amazon's own rain | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Product | | 3 | **cut down** | gerund | | the forest | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset forest=Product | | 4 | **make** | can | cutting | the region | | | | drier *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset region=Product | | 5 | **rain** | | Amazon | | | | | | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/16/) - next →: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/)