--- title: Rainforests lie near the equator, where the sun is strong all year,… — The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and… · tree and pragmatics description: Rainforests lie near the equator, where the sun is strong all year, so on a holiday in Malaysia the hot morning air rises, cools into storm clouds and pours down almost every afternoon. Who acts: Rainforests, sun, hot morning air. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from the top: emergent…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/) / 2 # The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 2 Rainforests lie near the equator, where the sun is strong all year, so on a holiday in Malaysia the hot morning air rises, cools into storm clouds and pours down almost every afternoon. **Who acts:** Rainforests, sun, hot morning air · **What happens:** lie, be, rise, cool, pour down · **To what, where:** equator, holiday, storm clouds This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rainforests, sun, hot morning air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:2 # text = Rainforests lie near the equator, where the sun is strong all year, so on a holiday in Malaysia the hot morning air rises, cools into storm clouds and pours down almost every afternoon. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Rainforests rainforest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 lie lie VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 near near ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 equator equator NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 7 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 11 advmod _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 acl:relcl _ _ 12 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 13 det _ _ 13 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 16 on on ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 holiday holiday NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Malaysia Malaysia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 22 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 23 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 28 into into ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 storm storm NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 clouds cloud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 pours pour VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=27:conj 33 down down ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 almost almost ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 35 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 36 det _ _ 36 afternoon afternoon NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl:unmarked _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lie** | present | Rainforests | | | the equator | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near equator=Location | | 2 | **is** | present | the sun | | | | year | strong *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **rise** | present | the hot morning air | | | a holiday in Malaysia | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on holiday=Location | | 4 | **cool** | present | the hot morning air *not said here* | | | storm clouds | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **pour down** | present | the hot morning air *not said here* | | | | afternoon | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/1/) - next →: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/)