--- title: The canopy is the thick upper layer of leaves and branches about 30… — The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and… · tree and pragmatics description: The canopy is the thick upper layer of leaves and branches about 30 to 45 metres above the ground, and the emergent trees stick up above it. Who acts: canopy, emergent trees. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from the top: emergent…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/) / 5 # The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 5 The canopy is the thick upper layer of leaves and branches about 30 to 45 metres above the ground, and the emergent trees stick up above it. **Who acts:** canopy, emergent trees · **What happens:** be, stick up · **To what, where:** thick upper layer, ground, canopy This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (canopy, emergent trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:5 # text = The canopy is the thick upper layer of leaves and branches about 30 to 45 metres above the ground, and the emergent trees stick up above it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 canopy canopy NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 branches branch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 12 about about ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 30 30 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 45 45 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 13 nmod _ _ 16 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod:unmarked _ _ 17 above above ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:nmod 20 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 emergent emergent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 stick stick VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 26 up up ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 above above ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the canopy | the thick upper layer | | the ground | | of leaves and branches; 30 metres *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules | | 2 | **stick up** | present | the emergent trees | | | canopy | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme above it=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/4/) - next →: [The rainforest from the top: emergent…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/)