--- title: Spots tell them apart: leopard rosettes are small and empty in the m… — Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat · tree and pragmatics description: Spots tell them apart: leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle, jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside, and the cheetah has plain solid spots and black tear lines down its face. Who acts: Spots, leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, cheetah. A sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/) / 2 # Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 2 Spots tell them apart: leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle, jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside, and the cheetah has plain solid spots and black tear lines down its face. **Who acts:** Spots, leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, cheetah · **What happens:** tell, be, have · **To what, where:** shells, middle, plain solid spots · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spots, leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, cheetah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:2 # text = Spots tell them apart: leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle, jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside, and the cheetah has plain solid spots and black tear lines down its face. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 tell tell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _ 4 apart apart ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 6 leopard leopard NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 rosettes rosette NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:ccomp 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 empty empty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 conj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 jaguar jaguar NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 rosettes rosette NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 9 conj _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 inside inside ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 cheetah cheetah NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 28 plain plain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 solid solid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 33 tear tear NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 lines line NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 35 down down ADP IN _ 37 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 36 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Spots | | shells *= shell* | | | apart *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 2 | **is** | present | leopard rosettes | | | | | small *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | leopard rosettes *not said here* | | | the middle | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | present | jaguar rosettes | | | | | with spots; big, inside *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **have** | present | the cheetah | plain solid spots and black tear lines | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/1/) - next →: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/)