--- title: Leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle; jaguar rosettes… — Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat · tree and pragmatics description: Leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle; jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside; leopards live in Africa and Asia, jaguars only in the Americas. Who acts: Leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, leopards. A sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the bio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/) / 6 # Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 6 Leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle; jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside; leopards live in Africa and Asia, jaguars only in the Americas. **Who acts:** Leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, leopards · **What happens:** be, live · **To what, where:** middle, Africa This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leopard rosettes, jaguar rosettes, leopards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:6 # text = Leopard rosettes are small and empty in the middle; jaguar rosettes are bigger with spots inside; leopards live in Africa and Asia, jaguars only in the Americas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1 1 Leopard leopard NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 rosettes rosette NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 empty empty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 jaguar jaguar NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 rosettes rosette NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 parataxis _ _ 15 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 inside inside ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=14:punct 19 leopards leopard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 jaguars jaguar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 parataxis _ _ 27 only only ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Leopard rosettes | | | | | small *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Leopard rosettes *not said here* | | | the middle | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | jaguar rosettes | | | | | with spots; big *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **live** | present | leopards | | | Africa and Asia | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/5/) - next →: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/)