--- title: Jaguars have one of the strongest bites of any cat for their size, s… — Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat · tree and pragmatics description: Jaguars have one of the strongest bites of any cat for their size, strong enough to crack turtle shells, and they catch caimans, small crocodiles, in rivers. Who acts: Jaguars, Africa. A sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary sc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/) / 7 # Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 7 Jaguars have one of the strongest bites of any cat for their size, strong enough to crack turtle shells, and they catch caimans, small crocodiles, in rivers. **Who acts:** Jaguars, Africa · **What happens:** have, crack, catch, bite · **To what, where:** one, turtle shells, caimans, rivers, cat This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jaguars, Africa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:7 # text = Jaguars have one of the strongest bites of any cat for their size, strong enough to crack turtle shells, and they catch caimans, small crocodiles, in rivers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Jaguars jaguar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 strongest strong ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 amod _ _ 7 bites bite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 10 det _ _ 10 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 15 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 16 enough enough ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 crack crack VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ _ 19 turtle turtle NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 catch catch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 25 caimans caiman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Jaguars | one of the strongest bites of any cat for Africa's size | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 2 | **crack** | to-infinitive | Jaguars *not said here* | turtle shells | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme | | 3 | **catch** | present | Africa | caimans and small crocodiles | | rivers | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caiman=Theme | | 4 | **bite** | | | any cat for Africa's size | | | | | nom bite «state transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/6/) - next →: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/)