--- title: The three-second memory is a myth: goldfish have been trained to pus… — Goldfish and pond fish: the three-second memory… · tree and pragmatics description: The three-second memory is a myth: goldfish have been trained to push levers, swim through small mazes and come to a sound at feeding time, and they remember for months. Who acts: second memory, goldfish, levers. A sentence of the lesson «Goldfish and pond fish: the three-second memory myth» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Goldfish and pond fish: the three-seco…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth/) / 6 # Goldfish and pond fish: the three-second memory myth, sentence 6 The three-second memory is a myth: goldfish have been trained to push levers, swim through small mazes and come to a sound at feeding time, and they remember for months. **Who acts:** second memory, goldfish, levers · **What happens:** be, train, push, swim, come, remember · **To what, where:** myth, goldfish, levers, small mazes, sound This is a sentence of the lesson «Goldfish and pond fish: the three-second memory myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (second memory, goldfish, levers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth.lesson:6 # text = The three-second memory is a myth: goldfish have been trained to push levers, swim through small mazes and come to a sound at feeding time, and they remember for months. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nummod 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ _ 4 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 5 amod _ _ 5 memory memory NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 myth myth NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 10 goldfish goldfish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 trained train VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 parataxis _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 push push VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 levers lever NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 through through ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 mazes maze NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 feeding feeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 remember remember VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 34 for for ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the second memory | a myth | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **train** | present · perfect · passive | | goldfish | | | | | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 3 | **push** | to-infinitive | goldfish *not said here* | levers | | | | | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lever=Theme | | 4 | **swim** | infinitive | goldfish *not said here* | | | small mazes | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through maze=Trajectory | | 5 | **come** | infinitive | goldfish *not said here* | | | a sound | time | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to sound=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **remember** | present | levers *= lever* | | | | month | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Goldfish and pond fish: the three-seco…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth/5/) - next →: [Goldfish and pond fish: the three-seco…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/204-goldfish-and-pond-fish-the-three-second-memory-myth/)