---
title: Budgies, short for budgerigars, are small parrots from the dry grass… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics
description: Budgies, short for budgerigars, are small parrots from the dry grasslands of Australia, where they fly in huge flocks that look like a green cloud. Who acts: Budgies, huge flocks. A sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree 
---

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# Budgies and canaries, sentence 0

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Budgies, short for budgerigars, are small parrots from the dry grasslands of Australia, where they fly in huge flocks that look like a green cloud.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Budgies, huge flocks · **What happens:** be, fly, look · **To what, where:** small parrots, dry grasslands, huge flocks

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Budgies, huge flocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:0
# text = Budgies, short for budgerigars, are small parrots from the dry grasslands of Australia, where they fly in huge flocks that look like a green cloud.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Budgies	budgie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	budgerigars	budgerigar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	parrots	parrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	grasslands	grassland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	like	like	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Budgies | small parrots |  | the dry grasslands of Australia |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | present | Budgies *= budgie* |  |  | huge flocks |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flock=Location |
| 3 | **look** | present | huge flocks |  |  |  |  | like a green cloud | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:0`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Budgies and canaries, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/1/)
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