--- title: Canaries are small finches whose males are famous for their songs; l… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics description: Canaries are small finches whose males are famous for their songs; long ago coal miners carried them underground because a canary showed the effects of bad gas before people noticed it. Who acts: Canaries, males, coal miners, canary. A sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Budgies and canaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/) / 3 # Budgies and canaries, sentence 3 Canaries are small finches whose males are famous for their songs; long ago coal miners carried them underground because a canary showed the effects of bad gas before people noticed it. **Who acts:** Canaries, males, coal miners, canary, people · **What happens:** be, carry, show, notice, sing, effect · **To what, where:** small finches, males, effects, gas, bad gas This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Canaries, males, coal miners, canary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:3 # text = Canaries are small finches whose males are famous for their songs; long ago coal miners carried them underground because a canary showed the effects of bad gas before people noticed it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Canaries canary NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 finches finch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 famous famous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 acl:relcl _ _ 9 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 songs song NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 13 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 14 advmod _ _ 14 ago ago ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 15 coal coal NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 miners miner NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 underground underground ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 20 because because SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 canary canary NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 effects effect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 before before SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 30 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 noticed notice VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Canaries | small finches | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | males | | | | | for males's songs; famous *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **carry** | past | coal miners | males *= male* | | | | ago, underground *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **show** | past | a canary | the effects of bad gas | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent effect=Recipient | | 5 | **notice** | past | people | gas | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 6 | **sing** | | males *= male* | | | | | | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | | 7 | **effect** | | | bad gas | | | | | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Budgies and canaries, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/2/) - next →: [Budgies and canaries, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/)