--- title: Small birds have very delicate lungs, need to fly every day and need… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics description: Small birds have very delicate lungs, need to fly every day and need more than seeds, so a good owner watches them closely: a fluffed-up, quiet bird may be ill. Who acts: Small birds, good owner, fluffed quiet bird. A sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Budgies and canaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/) / 4 # Budgies and canaries, sentence 4 Small birds have very delicate lungs, need to fly every day and need more than seeds, so a good owner watches them closely: a fluffed-up, quiet bird may be ill. **Who acts:** Small birds, good owner, fluffed quiet bird · **What happens:** have, need, fly, watch, fluff up, be · **To what, where:** delicate lungs, more, lungs This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small birds, good owner, fluffed quiet bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:4 # text = Small birds have very delicate lungs, need to fly every day and need more than seeds, so a good owner watches them closely: a fluffed-up, quiet bird may be ill. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R4-particle ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 very very ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 delicate delicate ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 8 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 11 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 12 det _ _ 12 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=8:cc 14 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 15 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 14 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:advmod 16 than than ADP IN _ 15 fixed _ _ 17 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:obj 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 21 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 owner owner NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 watches watch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 closely closely ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 26 : : PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 28 fluffed fluff VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 amod _ _ 29 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct 30 up up ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ Agree=R4-particle|Haiku=28:compound 31 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 32 quiet quiet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 34 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 36 cop _ _ 36 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 conj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - hedged: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Small birds | delicate lungs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient | | 2 | **need** | present | Small birds *not said here* | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 3 | **fly** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Small birds *not said here* | | | | day | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **need** | present | Small birds *not said here* | more | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme | | 5 | **watch** | present | a good owner | lungs *= lung* | | | | closely *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 6 | **fluff up** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **is** | may | a fluffed quiet bird | | | | | ill *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R4-particle ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Budgies and canaries, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/3/) - next →: [Budgies and canaries, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/)