--- title: Budgies are very chatty birds that chatter and whistle a lot, and so… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics description: Budgies are very chatty birds that chatter and whistle a lot, and some pet budgies have learnt to say hundreds of words. Who acts: Budgies, chatty birds, pet budgies. A sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Budgies and canaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/) / 5 # Budgies and canaries, sentence 5 Budgies are very chatty birds that chatter and whistle a lot, and some pet budgies have learnt to say hundreds of words. **Who acts:** Budgies, chatty birds, pet budgies · **What happens:** be, chatter, whistle, learn, say · **To what, where:** chatty birds, lot, hundreds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Budgies, chatty birds, pet budgies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:5 # text = Budgies are very chatty birds that chatter and whistle a lot, and some pet budgies have learnt to say hundreds of words. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Budgies budgie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 very very ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 chatty chatty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nsubj 7 chatter chatter VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 whistle whistle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 lot lot NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 14 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 16 det _ _ 15 pet pet NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 budgies budgie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 17 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 learnt learn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 21 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Budgies | chatty birds | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **chatter** | present | chatty birds | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **whistle** | present | chatty birds *not said here* | a lot | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic | | 4 | **learn** | present · perfect | some pet budgies | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | some pet budgies *not said here* | hundreds of words | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hundred=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Budgies and canaries, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/4/) - next →: [Budgies and canaries, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/)