--- title: You can usually tell an adult male budgie from a female by the cere,… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics description: You can usually tell an adult male budgie from a female by the cere, the bare patch above the beak: often blue in males and brown or pale in females; young budgies have stripes on their foreheads that fade as they grow. Who acts: You, young budgies, stripes, Budgies. A sentence of the lesson «Budgie --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Budgies and canaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/) / 7 # Budgies and canaries, sentence 7 You can usually tell an adult male budgie from a female by the cere, the bare patch above the beak: often blue in males and brown or pale in females; young budgies have stripes on their foreheads that fade as they grow. **Who acts:** You, young budgies, stripes, Budgies · **What happens:** tell, have, fade, grow · **To what, where:** adult male budgie, female, stripes, foreheads · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, young budgies, stripes, Budgies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:7 # text = You can usually tell an adult male budgie from a female by the cere, the bare patch above the beak: often blue in males and brown or pale in females; young budgies have stripes on their foreheads that fade as they grow. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 You you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 usually usually ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 adult adult ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 male male NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 budgie budgie NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 female female NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nmod 12 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 cere cere NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 bare bare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 patch patch NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ _ 19 above above ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 often often ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 conj _ _ 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 pale pale ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 conj _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 budgies budgie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 37 stripes stripe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 38 on on ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 foreheads forehead NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ _ 41 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 42 fade fade VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:acl:relcl 43 as as SCONJ IN _ 45 mark _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 advcl _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | You | a adult male budgie | | a female | | by the cere; usually *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent budgie=Recipient | | 2 | **have** | present | young budgies | stripes | | Budgies's foreheads | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient | | 3 | **fade** | present | stripes | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **grow** | present | Budgies *= budgie* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Budgies and canaries, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/6/) - next →: [Budgies and canaries, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/)