---
title: A budgie staring at itself in a mirror may treat the reflection like… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics
description: A budgie staring at itself in a mirror may treat the reflection like another bird, and budgies are happier with a real budgie as a friend. Who acts: budgie, budgies. A sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Budgies and canaries, sentence 8

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A budgie staring at itself in a mirror may treat the reflection like another bird, and budgies are happier with a real budgie as a friend.

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**Who acts:** budgie, budgies · **What happens:** stare, treat, be · **To what, where:** mirror, reflection

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (budgie, budgies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:8
# text = A budgie staring at itself in a mirror may treat the reflection like another bird, and budgies are happier with a real budgie as a friend.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	budgie	budgie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	treat	treat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=10:cc
18	budgies	budgie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	happier	happy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	conj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	budgie	budgie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | gerund | a budgie *not said here* |  |  | a mirror |  | at cere | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at itself=Theme |
| 2 | **treat** | may | a budgie | the reflection |  |  |  | like another bird | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reflection=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | budgies |  |  |  |  | with a real budgie as a friend; happy *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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