--- title: Horses are herd animals: running away together kept wild horses safe… — Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and… · tree and pragmatics description: Horses are herd animals: running away together kept wild horses safe, and a horse kept alone gets stressed, so it needs a companion. Who acts: Horses, running, horse. A sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary scho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/) / 10 # Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 10 Horses are herd animals: running away together kept wild horses safe, and a horse kept alone gets stressed, so it needs a companion. **Who acts:** Horses, running, horse · **What happens:** be, run away, keep, stress, need · **To what, where:** herd animals, wild horses, horse, companion This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, running, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:10 # text = Horses are herd animals: running away together kept wild horses safe, and a horse kept alone gets stressed, so it needs a companion. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 6 running run VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 csubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:nsubj 7 away away ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 together together ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod 9 kept keep VERB VBD Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 10 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 safe safe ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 xcomp _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 17 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl _ _ 18 alone alone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 xcomp _ _ 19 gets get AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 stressed stress VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 companion companion NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Horses | herd animals | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **run away** | gerund | | | | | | away, together *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | past | running | wild horses | | | | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme | | 4 | **keep** | participle | | a horse *not said here* | | | | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stress** | present · passive | | a horse | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination | | 6 | **need** | present | horse | a companion | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot companion=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/9/) - next →: [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/)