--- title: Donkeys are relatives of horses from dry desert lands, where a loud… — Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donk… · tree and pragmatics description: Donkeys are relatives of horses from dry desert lands, where a loud bray carries far; when worried, a donkey tends to freeze and think rather than run, which people call stubborn. Who acts: Donkeys, loud bray, donkey, people. A sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donk --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/) / 14 # Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules, sentence 14 Donkeys are relatives of horses from dry desert lands, where a loud bray carries far; when worried, a donkey tends to freeze and think rather than run, which people call stubborn. **Who acts:** Donkeys, loud bray, donkey, people · **What happens:** be, carry, tend, freeze, think, run · **To what, where:** relatives · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Donkeys, loud bray, donkey, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:14 # text = Donkeys are relatives of horses from dry desert lands, where a loud bray carries far; when worried, a donkey tends to freeze and think rather than run, which people call stubborn. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 Donkeys donkey NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 desert desert NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 15 advmod _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 bray bray NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 carries carry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 16 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 15 advmod _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 18 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 19 worried worried ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 donkey donkey NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 tends tend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 freeze freeze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 think think VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 28 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 30 cc _ _ 29 than than ADP IN _ 28 fixed _ _ 30 run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=27:conj 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 obj _ _ 33 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 34 call call VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 parataxis _ _ 35 stubborn stubborn ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 xcomp _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Donkeys | relatives | | | | of horses from dry desert lands | tree rules | | 2 | **carry** | present | a loud bray | | | | | far *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **tend** | present | a donkey | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **freeze** | to-infinitive | a donkey *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | a donkey *not said here* | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **run** | infinitive | a donkey *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **call** | present | people | | | | | stubborn *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/13/) - next →: [Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/)