--- title: A cow chews the cud: it swallows grass, later brings it back up and… — Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth · tree and pragmatics description: A cow chews the cud: it swallows grass, later brings it back up and chews it again to break it down, for many hours a day. Who acts: cow, cud. A sentence of the lesson «Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cap…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/) / 4 # Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth, sentence 4 A cow chews the cud: it swallows grass, later brings it back up and chews it again to break it down, for many hours a day. **Who acts:** cow, cud · **What happens:** chew, swallow, bring, break down · **To what, where:** cud, grass This is a sentence of the lesson «Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cow, cud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth.lesson:4 # text = A cow chews the cud: it swallows grass, later brings it back up and chews it again to break it down, for many hours a day. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 chews chew VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 cud cud NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 swallows swallow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 9 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 12 advmod _ _ 12 brings bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 back back ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 up up ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 chews chew VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:obj 19 again again ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advcl 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ _ 23 down down ADP RP _ 21 compound:prt _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod:unmarked _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **chew** | present | a cow | the cud | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient | | 2 | **swallow** | present | cud | grass | | | | | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient | | 3 | **bring** | present | cud *not said here* | Grass | | | | late *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 4 | **chew** | present | cud *not said here* | Grass | | | again | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **break down** | to-infinitive | cud *not said here* | Grass | | | hour | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cap…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/3/) - next →: [Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cap…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/)