---
title: The microbes in a cow's stomach make methane, a gas that warms the c… — Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth · tree and pragmatics
description: The microbes in a cow's stomach make methane, a gas that warms the climate, and cows burp most of it out; scientists are testing seaweed in cow feed to cut it. Who acts: microbes, gas, cows, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth» of the biology course of 
---

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# Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth, sentence 8

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The microbes in a cow's stomach make methane, a gas that warms the climate, and cows burp most of it out; scientists are testing seaweed in cow feed to cut it.

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**Who acts:** microbes, gas, cows, scientists · **What happens:** make, warm, burp out, test, cut · **To what, where:** methane, climate, most, seaweed, cow feed

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cape myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (microbes, gas, cows, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth.lesson:8
# text = The microbes in a cow's stomach make methane, a gas that warms the climate, and cows burp most of it out; scientists are testing seaweed in cow feed to cut it.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	microbes	microbe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	methane	methane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	burp	burp	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
21	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	_
24	out	out	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	testing	test	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	parataxis	_	_
29	seaweed	seaweed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	feed	feed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the microbes in a cow's stomach | methane |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset methane=Product |
| 2 | **warm** | present | a gas | the climate |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent climate=Patient |
| 3 | **burp out** | present | cows | most of climate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **test** | present · progressive | scientists | seaweed |  | cow feed |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seaweed=Theme |
| 5 | **cut** | to-infinitive | scientists *not said here* | seaweed |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cap…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/7/)
- next →: [Cows: cud, milk, burps and the red cap…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/10/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/209-cows-cud-milk-burps-and-the-red-cape-myth/)