---
title: Elephants can swim and use the trunk as a snorkel, keeping only its… — Elephants: the trunk and everything it does · tree and pragmatics
description: Elephants can swim and use the trunk as a snorkel, keeping only its tip above the water. Who acts: Elephants. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Elephants can swim and use the trunk as a snorkel, keeping only its tip above the water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Elephants · **What happens:** swim, use, keep · **To what, where:** trunk, tip, water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:10
# text = Elephants can swim and use the trunk as a snorkel, keeping only its tip above the water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	snorkel	snorkel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
13	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	above	above	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | can | Elephants |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | the trunk |  |  |  | as a snorkel | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent trunk=Duration as snorkel=Attribute |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | Elephants *not said here* | elephant's tip |  | the water |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tip=Theme above water=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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