--- title: An elephant eats around 150 kilograms of plants a day and spends up… — Elephants: the trunk and everything it does · tree and pragmatics description: An elephant eats around 150 kilograms of plants a day and spends up to 16 to 18 hours a day eating, because plants give little goodness in each mouthful. Who acts: elephant, plants. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/) / 13 # Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 13 An elephant eats around 150 kilograms of plants a day and spends up to 16 to 18 hours a day eating, because plants give little goodness in each mouthful. **Who acts:** elephant, plants · **What happens:** eat, spend, give · **To what, where:** 150 kilograms, little goodness, mouthful This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant, plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:13 # text = An elephant eats around 150 kilograms of plants a day and spends up to 16 to 18 hours a day eating, because plants give little goodness in each mouthful. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 eats eat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 around around ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 150 150 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 kilograms kilogram NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 spends spend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 13 up up ADP IN ExtPos=ADV 15 advmod _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 13 fixed _ _ 15 16 16 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 18 18 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nmod _ _ 18 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl:unmarked _ _ 21 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:conj 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 because because SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 24 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:advcl 26 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 goodness goodness NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 30 det _ _ 30 mouthful mouthful NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present | a elephant | 150 kilograms of plants | | | day | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Patient | | 2 | **spend** | present | a elephant *not said here* | | | | hour | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **eat** | gerund | a elephant *not said here* | | | | day | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **give** | present | plants | little goodness | | each mouthful | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodness=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/12/) - next →: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/)