--- title: An African elephant has two finger-like tips at the end of its trunk… — Elephants: the trunk and everything it does · tree and pragmatics description: An African elephant has two finger-like tips at the end of its trunk, and an Asian elephant has one, so it often curls its trunk round things to pick them up. Who acts: African elephant, Asian elephant, elephant. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/) / 7 # Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 7 An African elephant has two finger-like tips at the end of its trunk, and an Asian elephant has one, so it often curls its trunk round things to pick them up. **Who acts:** African elephant, Asian elephant, elephant · **What happens:** have, curl, pick up · **To what, where:** two like tips, end, one, trunk This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African elephant, Asian elephant, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:7 # text = An African elephant has two finger-like tips at the end of its trunk, and an Asian elephant has one, so it often curls its trunk round things to pick them up. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 6 finger finger NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 tips tip NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 10 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 Asian Asian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 22 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 26 often often ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 curls curl VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 parataxis _ _ 28 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 round round ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 pick pick VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:acl 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 up up ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a African elephant | two like tips | | | at the end of elephant's trunk | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tip=Patient | | 2 | **have** | present | a Asian elephant | one | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 3 | **curl** | present | elephant | elephant's trunk | | | | often *property* | vn rotate-51.9.1-1 «NP.agent V NP.theme NP.extent»: agent=Agent trunk=Theme thing=Extent | | 4 | **pick up** | to-infinitive | elephant *not said here* | trunk | | | | | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/5/) - next →: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/)