--- title: An adult elephant can hold about 8 litres of water in its trunk and… — Elephants: the trunk and everything it does · tree and pragmatics description: An adult elephant can hold about 8 litres of water in its trunk and then blows it into its mouth; it does not drink through it like a straw, and it drinks well over 100 litres a day. Who acts: adult elephant, elephant. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the bio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/) / 8 # Elephants: the trunk and everything it does, sentence 8 An adult elephant can hold about 8 litres of water in its trunk and then blows it into its mouth; it does not drink through it like a straw, and it drinks well over 100 litres a day. **Who acts:** adult elephant, elephant · **What happens:** hold, blow, not drink, drink · **To what, where:** 8 litres, trunk, elephant, mouth, 100 litres This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (adult elephant, elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:8 # text = An adult elephant can hold about 8 litres of water in its trunk and then blows it into its mouth; it does not drink through it like a straw, and it drinks well over 100 litres a day. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 adult adult ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 8 8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 litres litre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 16 advmod _ _ 16 blows blow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 into into ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 22 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 23 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 26 through through ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ _ 28 like like ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 straw straw NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 drinks drink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 35 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 34 advmod _ _ 36 over over ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 100 100 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 38 nummod _ _ 38 litres litre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:obl 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl:unmarked _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold** | can | a adult elephant | 8 litres of water | | elephant's trunk | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent litre=Theme in trunk=Location | | 2 | **blow** | present | a adult elephant *not said here* | elephant | | elephant's mouth | then | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent it=Material into mouth=Product | | 3 | **not** **drink** | present · do-support | elephant | | | mouth | | like a straw | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **drink** | present | elephant | 100 litres | | | day | well *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:021-elephants-the-trunk.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/7/) - next →: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/)