--- title: Winter feeding helps small birds survive, because short days leave l… — Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders · tree and pragmatics description: Winter feeding helps small birds survive, because short days leave little time to find food and on a cold night a small bird can lose a noticeable part of its weight keeping warm. Who acts: Winter feeding, small birds, short days, small bird. A sentence of the lesson «Garden birds: robins, blackbird --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/) / 10 # Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders, sentence 10 Winter feeding helps small birds survive, because short days leave little time to find food and on a cold night a small bird can lose a noticeable part of its weight keeping warm. **Who acts:** Winter feeding, small birds, short days, small bird · **What happens:** help, survive, leave, find, lose, keep · **To what, where:** small birds, food, noticeable part This is a sentence of the lesson «Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter feeding, small birds, short days, small bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders.lesson:10 # text = Winter feeding helps small birds survive, because short days leave little time to find food and on a cold night a small bird can lose a noticeable part of its weight keeping warm. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 feeding feeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 survive survive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 because because SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 9 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 leave leave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 12 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 acl _ _ 16 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 25 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 noticeable noticeable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 weight weight NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 keeping keep VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:acl 34 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 xcomp _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | present | Winter feeding | small birds | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent bird=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 2 | **survive** | infinitive | small birds *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **leave** | present | short days | | | | time | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **find** | to-infinitive | short days *not said here* | food and a cold night | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | | 5 | **lose** | can | a small bird | a noticeable part of feeding's weight | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Eventuality | | 6 | **keep** | gerund | a small bird *not said here* | | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/9/) - next →: [Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/)