--- title: A song thrush smashes snails on a favourite stone, called its anvil,… — Worms, snails and slugs · tree and pragmatics description: A song thrush smashes snails on a favourite stone, called its anvil, to crack the shell; broken shells pile up around it. Who acts: song thrush, favourite stone, broken shells. A sentence of the lesson «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Worms, snails and slugs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/) / 15 # Worms, snails and slugs, sentence 15 A song thrush smashes snails on a favourite stone, called its anvil, to crack the shell; broken shells pile up around it. **Who acts:** song thrush, favourite stone, broken shells · **What happens:** smash, call, crack, break, pile up · **To what, where:** snails, favourite stone, anvil, shell · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (song thrush, favourite stone, broken shells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson:15 # text = A song thrush smashes snails on a favourite stone, called its anvil, to crack the shell; broken shells pile up around it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 thrush thrush NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 smashes smash VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 snails snail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 favourite favourite ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 anvil anvil NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 xcomp _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 crack crack VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 21 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 pile pile VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 23 up up ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 around around ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **smash** | present | a song thrush | snails | | a favourite stone | | | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent snail=Theme on stone=Destination | | 2 | **call** | participle | a favourite stone *not said here* | stone's anvil | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **crack** | to-infinitive | a song thrush *not said here* | the shell | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme | | 4 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **pile up** | present | broken shells | | | anvil | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme around it=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Worms, snails and slugs, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/14/) - next →: [Worms, snails and slugs, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/)